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The uses of common adhesives and the advantages of bonding methods
Release time:
2011-07-01
Adhesives can be used to bond together a wide variety of materials—including metals, glass, wood, paper, fibers, rubber, and plastics—to create a composite whose functionality or performance exceeds the sum of its individual components. Adhesive bonding is increasingly replacing mechanical fastening methods, primarily due to the following advantages of adhesive bonding:
(1) Materials such as thin films, fibers, and small granular substances are difficult or impossible to bond using other methods, but they can be easily joined together using adhesives. Typical examples of applications in this category include: laminating and bonding various plastic films such as polyethylene, aluminum foil, cotton fabrics, and paper; combining glass wool insulation with fiberglass composites; manufacturing grinding wheels, sandpaper, emery cloth, and brake pads; reinforcing tires with rayon, nylon, polyester, and glass fibers; producing corrugated boards, paper bags, labels, adhesive tapes, stamps, and envelopes; manufacturing safety glass; producing non-woven fabrics as well as flocking fabrics or carpets made by filling them with cotton, wool fibers, or fine fluff; and manufacturing particleboard or chipboard, furniture decorative panels, or formica sheets.
(2 Compared with traditional weaving and fabric-making techniques, metal welding methods, and mechanical joining techniques such as riveting, bolting, or nailing, adhesive bonding may be faster and more cost-effective—this is often a key reason for adopting adhesive bonding.
(3) Able to join different materials (e.g., aluminum-paper, iron-copper, etc.) ) are combined together. Moreover, when bonding two metals, the adhesive can separate them to prevent corrosion. When the thermal expansion coefficients of the two substrates differ significantly, a flexible adhesive can reduce the tensile stresses caused by temperature changes. Laminates made from different materials exhibit superior performance compared to any single substrate material.
(5) The strength-to-mass ratio and dimensional stability of anisotropic materials can be enhanced through cross-bonding. For example, wood that is inherently non-homogeneous and sensitive to water can be transformed into plywood that is resistant to warping and water damage; randomly arranged fiber mats can be bonded together to produce isotropic nonwoven fabrics.
(6) In capacitors, printed circuits, and encapsulated resistors, adhesive lines can provide electrical insulation.
(7) The adhesive seams can act as a moisture barrier; for example, in laminated materials used for packaging, the adhesive seams significantly enhance moisture resistance.
In the United States, currently nearly 80% of adhesive demand comes from the packaging and construction industries, and demand for adhesives used in packaging continues to grow. Table 1.8 shows several major industrial sectors that commonly use adhesives, along with specific applications.
Table 1.8 Common Applications of Adhesives
|
Application Industry |
Use: |
|
Architecture |
Manufacture and installation of wood laminates, prefabricated crossbars, wall panels, and general building structures; installation of flooring, floor tiles, carpets, ceilings, and ceiling/facing materials. |
|
Consumer goods |
Manufacturing of office supplies, leisure and model supplies, and stationery. |
|
Non-rigid connection |
Bonding of woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics; manufacturing of mats, filter cloths, books, sports shoes, and other sporting goods. |
|
Packaging |
Manufacturing of cardboard boxes, paper boxes, and corrugated board; manufacturing of paper bags, envelopes, diapers or sanitary pads, and other paper products; manufacturing of cigarettes, labels, and postage stamps. |
|
Rigid connection Adhesive tape |
Manufacturing of electrical appliances, electronic products, daily-use articles, and furniture The manufacture of all types of adhesive tapes, including those used in surgical applications, packaging, industrial settings, consumer products, and cosmetic/mask-covering products. |
|
Transportation |
Structural assembly of aircraft and spacecraft; assembly of automobiles, trucks, small boats, and buses; manufacturing of modular homes. |
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